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A
period of decay and disarray of the nationhood throughout which at least 5
„dynasties”, or rather „royal families” may be distinguished. They were ruling
at different parts of the Upper Egypt. They “held reigns” usually ephemerally
and concurrently with others. Below there are presented those of rulers who laid
a claim to a royal titulary and of whom we are able to say anything. Some of the
names are possibly different names of the same person.
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1776 - 1774 1786-1783 (Redford) 1766-1764 (Ryholt) 1759-1757 (Franke ; Hornung, Krauss, Warburton) |
Ugaf
|
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xwi-tAwi-ra Khwitawyre (Re Protects The Two Lands) |
 |
wgA.f Ugaf |
| Up to now are preserved some artifacts dated back to this ruler’s times that corroborate Egyptian dominance in Nubia then. They are located near the IInd Cataract. Later notes concerning Ugaf are found in Turin Canon and Royal Table of Karnak and at block from temple of Montu at Medamud as well as Rubenson’s badge dated to the Late Period. D. Franke believes that Ugaf might had been military commander before he overtook the rule. | |
1773 - 1768 1800-1796 (Ryholt) 1783-1780 (Redford) 1757-1752 (Franke)  |
Amenemhat Senbuf
|
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sxm-kA-ra Sekhemkare (Powerful Of Ka, Re) |
 |
imn-m-HAt snb.f Amenemhat Senbuf (Amun Is At The Head ; He Is Wholesome ; Amon is Foremost) |
Turin Canon
gives 3 years of rule. Some relics were found as: stone blocks of Tod, a
seal, scarab, inscriptions from Semna and Aksut, statue of the temple on
Elephantine. |
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1767 - 1761 |
Sekhemre Khutawi
|
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sxm-ra xwi-tAwi Sekhemre Khutawi (Powerful is Re ; Protector of the Two Lands) |
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pA-n-Tni Panteni |
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1761 - 1758 |
Amenemhat V
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sxm-kA-ra Sekhemkare (Powerful Of Ka, Re) |
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imn-m-HAt Amenemhat (Amun Is At The Head) |
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D|
1758 - 1757 |
Ameni Kemaw
( Sehetepibre )
|
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sHtp-ib-ra Sehetepibre (Satisfied Is The Heart Of Re) |
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imny qmAw Ameni Kemaw |
|
The ruler authenticated by cylindrical seal and on recently discovered fragment of stele of galenite mine in Gebel Zeit at Red Sea. In opinion of Kim Ryholt Ameni Kemau (1793-1791) & Sehetepibre (1783-1781) are two different kings. Remains of pyramid and sarcophagus belonging to this king were discovered in 1957 on the necropolis at Dahshur. |
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1756
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Iufeni
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iw.f-n.i Iufeni (He Belongs To Me) |
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King whose name He belongs to me is confirmed only by Turin Canon. |
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1756 - 1750 1788-1785 (Ryholt) 1730-1724 (Franke) |
Amenemhat VI
|
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sanx-ib-ra Sankhibre (The Heart Of The Re Lives) |
 |
imny (sA) ini-iti.f Ameni Intef |
 |
imn-m-HAt Amenemhat (Amon Is At The Head) |
 Turin
Canon and Table of Karnak give evidence to this ruler. His name was
inscribed also on stone block from architrave at Heliopolis and cylindrical
seals. |
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1750 - 1748 |
Nebnun
( Semenkare )
|
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smn-kA-ra Semenkare (Ka Is The Strengthened Power Of Re) |
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nb-nwn Nebnun ([My] Lord Is Nun) |
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Throne name of this ruler smn-kA-ra known of Turin Canon meant Ka is the strengthened power of Re. In faience stela of temple of Gebel Zeit discovered in 1984 is disclosed birth name Nebnun – [My] Lord is Nun, which indicates that this ruler used galenite mines in Eastern Mountains. |
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1748 - 1745 1791-1788 (Ryholt) c.1738 (Franke) |
Hornedjheriotef
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<s>Htp-ib-ra Sehetepibre (Satisfied Is The Heart Of Re) |
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Htp-ib-ra Hetepibre (Satisfied Heart, Re) |
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qmAw sA Hr-nD-Hr-it.f Hornedjheriotef (Horus Protects His Father) |
 A
ruler presumably of Asiatic origin, his name, recorded in Turin
Canon meant Horus protects his father.
Only remains of his palace at Tell el-Daba remained to date. To this king is
ascribed also a scarab found at Jerycho. |
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10
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1745 - 1743 |
Sewadjkare
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swAD-kA-ra Sewadjkare (Re of Refreshing Ka) |
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Name of this ruler, mentioned solely in Turin canon, means Re of refreshing Ka. |
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1742 |
Nedjemibre
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nDm-ib-ra Nedjemibre (Pleasant Is The Hart Of Re) |
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This regent of throne name nDmib-ra Pleasant is the hart of Re is documented in Turin Canon. To him are also ascribed two scarabs, on of Memphis and second of Asia Minor. |
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12
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1741 - 1738 |
Sebekhotep I
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xai-anx-ra Khyankhre (Livingywe Incarnation Of Re) |
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sbk-ra-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
 Turin
Canon mentions birth name of this king - sbk-ra-Htp(w)
–
Sobek is pleased. His throne
xai-anx-ra
means
Livingywe incarnation of Re. The ruler is
also mentioned in Royal Table of Karnak. On stela of Abydos is preserved
his Horus name -
Hr smA-tAwi -
Horus the one who unifies the Two Lands,
Nebti name - Dd-xaw -
Of lasting incarnations
and the Golden Horus name -
kAw-nTrw -
The Ka strengths of Gods. |
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13
1736 1777 (Ryholt) |
Reniseneb
|
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rn(.i)-snb(w) Reniseneb (My Name Is Healthy) |
| Name that means My name is healthy appears only in Turin Canon with notion that this king ruled 4 months. | |
1736 - 1731 1777-1775 (Ryholt) 1732 (Franke) |
Hor
I
|
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Aw(t)-ib-ra Awtibre |
 |
Hr Hor (Son Of Re, Horus) |
 With
no doubt this king was fond of person of Amenemhat
III. This is confirmed both by Hor’s canopic jars sealed with the
name of Amenemhat and incredible care he put to burial place of this
great pharaoh. Hor ordered to renovate the
pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur. Himself he wanted to be buried
in unused shaft tomb in northern site of this pyramid. This tomb was
discovered in 1894 by J. de Morgan and yielded remains of burial and
funerary equipment. |
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1731 - 1724 |
Amenemhat
VII
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sDfA-kA-ra Sedjefakare |
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kAy (sA?) imn-m-HAt Amenemhat (Amon Is Foremost) |
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The ruler mentioned on basis of the monument sacred to god Montu, on cylindrical seals, scarab and graffito in pyramid of queen Chuit at Sakkara. |
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1724 - 1718 1760-1756 (Redford) 1724-1718 (Franke) 1737-1733 (Hornung, Krauss, Warburton |
Sebekhotep II Amenemhat
|
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sxm-ra xwi-tAwi Sekhemre Khuitawi |
 |
imn--m-HAt (sA?) sbk-Htp(w) Amenemhat Sebekhotep (Amon Is Foremost ; Sobek Is Pleased) |
 Son
of Amenemhat VIII and queen Nubhetepti, carrying double name of
Amenemhat-Sebekhotep. According to J. von Beckerath who assigns to this
ruler the Bulak papyrus 18, he used to rule at least 3 years. Based on
Brooklyn Papyrus 35.1446, S. Quirke extended this period by next two
years. Traces of building activities of Sebekhotep II are found in
Theban district, Gebelein and Kerma. D. Franke assigns to Sebekhotep a
pyramid (Ai I ?) located south-east of Khendjer’s pyramid in Southern
Sakkara. |
|
1718 - 1712 1764-1759 (Ryholt) 1756-1751 (Redford) 1718-1712 (Franke) 1732-1728 (Hornung, Krauss, Warburton |
Khendjer
|
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wsr-kA-ra Userkare (Ka Of Re Is Strong) |
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xnDr Khendjer |
 Burial
place – pyramid at North Saqqara,
primarily 37 m high, angle of slope 55 o, crowned with pyramidion of
black granite, surrounded with outer and internal brick-wall. The
complex consisted also of mortuary temple, north chapel and queen’s
pyramid. Inside the pyramid there was a row of passages with
uncommon system of blocades and arrangements securing the chamber which
itself was hollowed out of a 60 t block of quartzite. The existence of
the pharaoh Khendjer is recorded on two papyri,
of Brooklyn and Bulak-18. In the Turin Canon
no
information about lenght of his reign. |
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Ruin of pyramid at Saqqara |
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1712 - 1710 |
Imiramesha
(Mermesha)
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smnx-kA-ra Semenkhkare |
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imi-rA-mSaw Imiramesha (Commander Of The Army ; General) |
 J.
von Beckerath suggests that name of the ruler which meant Commander
of
the army
was primarily a title adequate to his function and became his name at
the moment of his taking the rule. To the king are devoted to colossal
sitting statues of Tanis (placed primarily at Memphis) and usurped later
by Apopis. He ruled presumably for 2-3 years. |
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1709 |
Intef IV
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sHtp-kA-ra Sehetepkare |
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ini.it.f Intef |
| Ruler whose name is mentioned in the Turyn Canon, statue of Medinet Maadi and scarabs. | |
20
|
1708 |
Seth I
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...-ib-[ra] stH ...ibre Seth |
| Inscription of the name remained only on a fragment of Turin Canon. Presumably he ruled very shortly. | |
c
Ibi II
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iby Ibi |
|
ok.1740 (Franke) |
Aakeni
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aA-qni(w) Aakeni |
Name of this ruler, meaning the brave donkey appears merely in genealogy of priests at Memphis. In Backerath opinion this name comes from Seth is Brave, and was altered to this form at the time of excommunication of the god Seth. |
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1708 - 1705 |
Sebekhotep III
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sxm-ra swAD-tAwi Sekhemre Swadjtawi (Powerful Is Re ; He Makes To Flourish The Two Lands) |
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sbk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Pleasing To The God Sobek ; Sobek Is Satisfied) |
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Son of Mentuhotep and Juhetibu. Scarabs and inscriptions on the island Sekhel as well as inscriptions on rock near Hermonthis explain genealogy of Sebekhotep’s family. At the beginning of his rule he probably sent military expeditions to Asia. His building activity focused mainly around Theban district, Bubastis, Sekhel and Elephantine. The Turin Canon assigns to him one year, one month and two days of rule. |
1705 - 1694 1747-1736 (Redford) 1742-1731 (Ryholt) 1741-1730 (Grimal) 1738-1727 (Malek) 1721-1710 (Hornung, Krauss, Warburton) 1696-1686 (Lehner) |
Neferhotep I
|
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xai-sxm-ra Khaisekhemre (Powerful Is Soul Of Re) |
 |
nfr-Htp Neferhotep (Beautiful And Pleased) |
 Turin
Canon
gives him 11 years and 1 month of rule. Neferhotep was son of Haankhef,
the high priest from Abydos, and Kemi. His two brothers, Sahathor and
Sebekhotep IV, held rule immediately after him. Neferhotep resided at
Ithi-tawi in Central Egypt. Traces of this pharaoh’s rule were found
both at Byblos (Phoenicia), Aswan and Buhen in Nubia. Building activity
was focused mainly near Fayum, Thebes, at Abydos and on Elephantine.
Burial place of the ruler might have been pyramid at Mazghuna provided
that it does not belong to Sebekhotep IV, as some scholars suggest. |
|
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1694 |
Sahathor
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mn-wAD-ra Menwedjre |
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<ra>sA-HtHr Sahathor (Son Of Hathor) |
|
Brother of Neferhotep I and Sebekhotep IV, ruling for a short time. Apart from Turin Canon, where data concerning period of Sebekhotep rule did not survive, his rule is documented in rock inscriptions of Sehel and Wadi Hammamat as well as two statues of a temple of Hekaib on Elephantine. |
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1693 - 1685 |
Sebekhotep IV
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xai-nfr-ra Khaineferre (Beautiful Is The Soul Of Re) |
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sbk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
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1685 - 1680 |
Sebekhotep V
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xai-htp-ra Khaihotepre (Perfect In Appearence, Re) |
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bk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
 Sebekhotep
ruled 4 years, 8 months and 29 days as stated in Turin Canon. He is also
mentioned on Royal Table from Karnak. We do not know any more traces of
this ruler’s existence other than these two sources. |
|
1680 - 1669 1721-1712 (Redford) 1716-1706 (Malek) 1712-1701 (Ryholt) 1680-1670 (Franke) 1695-1685 (Hornung, Krauss, Warburton) |
Iaib
|
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wAH-ib-ra Wahibre (Re Is Strong Of Heart) |
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iai-ib Iaib (Joyful) |
The
Turin Canon assigns to him ten years, eight months and twenty eight
days of rule. Name of this ruler (apart from
Turin Canon) survived on scarabs, a seal and stele of Sahathor.
His wife was queen Khaesnebu. |
|
1669 - 1656 1714-1701 (Barth) 1712-1700 (Redford) 1706-1683 (Malek) 1704-1690 (Grimal) 1701-1677 (Ryholt) 1700-1690 (Beckerath) 1684-1661 (Hornung, Krauss, Warburton) 1669-1656 (Franke) 1664-1641 (Lehner) |
Ai I
|
 |
mri-nfr-ra Merineferre (Beautiful Is Desire Of Re) |
 |
iy Ai |
Turin
canon assigns to him a rule of 23 years, 8 months and 28 days. Evidence
of his rule is disclosed both by relics in south and north of the land,
among others: pyramidion from his, located presumably at Saqqara,
pyramid, door-frames and stone blocks of temple at Karnak and
numerous scarabs. |
|
28
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1656 - 1654 |
Sebekhotep VI
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mri-Htp-ra Merihotepre (The Beloved Of Re Is Pleased) |
|
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sbk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
 Ruler
documented by Turin Canon, Royal Table, statue and stele from Karnak and
stele from Abydos. Precise identity of Sebekhotep remains still
controversial. D. Franke identifies him with king named Ani, the same
name is regarded as ancestral name of Sebekhotep. Turin Canon ascribes
him 2 years, 2 months and 9 days of rule. |
|
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1700-1698 (Redford) |
Ini
I
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|
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mri-itp-ra Meriitepre |
|
|
in(i) Ini |
| King mentioned on a scarab. D. Franke identifies him with Sebekhotep VI. | |
29
|
1654 - 1651 |
Sankhenre Sewadjtu
|
|
|
sanx-n-ra swADtw Sankhenre Sewadjtu |
| King mentioned in Turin Canon and Royal plate of Karnak. Probably he ruled 3 years and 2 months. | |
|
1672-1669 (Ryholt) |
Ined
|
|
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mri-sxm-ra Merisekhemre (Beloved Is The Rule Of Re) |
|
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mri-sxm-ra ind Merisekhemre Ined |
|
The ruler mentioned in Turin Canon. His throne name means Beloved is rule of Re. In J. von Beckerath and D. Franke opinionhe may be identified with Neferhotep II. |
|
1650 - 1647 1695-1692 (Redford) |
Neferhotep II
|
 |
mri-sxm-ra Merisekhemre (Beloved Is The Rule Of Re) |
|
nfr-Htp Neferhotep (Beautiful And Pleasing) |
| Throne name of the king, Merisekhemre, means Beloved is rule of Re. This name is identical with his predecessor’s name and due to this fact J. von Beckerat assumed they were one person. Turin Canon assigned to him 3 years and 1 month of rule. | |
|
1646 |
Hori
(Hor II)
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swAD-kA-ra Suadjkare |
|
|
Hri Hori |
| The ruler mentioned solely in Turin Canon. According to this source he ruled no more than one year but A. Gardiner suggested 5 years. | |
32
|
1644 - 1642 |
Sebekhotep VII
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mri-kAw-ra Merikawre (Beloved Is The Soul Of Re) |
|
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sbk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
| Ruler decumented in Turin Canon (over 2 years of rule) and royal table from Karnak and one of statues. | |
1641 - 1638 1640 (Franke) |
Didumes
|
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Dd-Htp-ra Djedhotepre (The One Bringing Lasting Peace) |
 |
Dd-nfr-ra Djedneferre (Re Is Enduring In His Perfection) |
 |
Dd(w)-msi(w) Didumes |
| Two rulers of the same name or one who changed titulary during his reign. Sometimes the ruler is identified with Tutimaios (of Manetho) under whom Egypt was probably attacked by Hyksos. In D. Franke opinion Didumes might have been the contemporary of Salitis, the first Hyksos ruler. | |
Ibi III
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|
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...-mAat-ra ...maatre (Re [Is Perfect] In Maat) |
|
|
ibi Ibi |
|
Throne name of this ruler means „[Perfect] in Maat, Re”. It is mentioned only in Turin Canon. |
|
39
Hor III
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...wbn-ra ...benre |
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Hr Hor |
40
Se...kare
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s...kA-ra Se...kare |
41
1640 (Franke) |
Senebmiu
|
 |
swAH.n-ra Swahenre |
 |
snb-miiw Senebmiu |
| Ruler mentioned by Turin Canon, fragment of stele of Gebelein and various items from Gebelain and Deir el-Bahari. | |
44
|
1805-1780 (Ryholt) |
Sekhaenre
|
|
|
sxai.n-ra Sekhaenre |
Ruler
documented in Turin Canon (?) and remains of funerary temple of
Mentuhotep II in Deir el-Bahari. Ryholt places
him as a first king of XIV Dynasty. |
|
Merikheperre
|
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mri-xpr-ra Merikheperre (Beloved Form Of Re) |
|
Regent named Beloved form of Re is mentioned in Turin Canon and a scarab of British Museum. |
|
47
Merikare
|
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|
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mri-kA-[ra] Merikare (Beloved Is The Soul Of Re) |
g
Senweseret IV
( Sesostris IV )
|
|
 |
snfr-ib-ra Seneferibre |
|
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s(i)-n-wsrt Senweseret (Man From Weseret; Man Of Goddess Wosret) |
| Ruler of unknown chronology, however he should be ascribed to this dynasty. His existence and titulary are confirmed by some artifacts – royal table of Karnak, statue and fragment of stele dated to first year of his rule. | |
Montuemsaf
|
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|
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Dd-anx-ra Djedankhre (Eternal Is The Life Of Re) |
|
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mnTw-m-sA.f Montuemsaf (Monu Protects Him) |
|
This ruler, whose throne name Dd-anx-ra means Eteral Is The Life of Re and the birth name mnTw-m-sA.f – Monu protects him. Existence of Montuemsaf is confirmed by stele of Gebelein and a few scarabs. |
|
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1629-1628 (Ryholt) |
Neferhotep III
|
|
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sxm-ra-sanx-tAwi Sekhemre Sankhtawi (The Power Of Re Brings Life To The Two Lands) |
|
|
nfr-Htp Neferhotep (Beautiful and Pleasing) |
|
|
ii-Hr-nfrwt Ihernofret |
|
King whose full titulary is known thanks to stele discovered in temple of Karanak. He is presented there as king-warrior who defends and saves a city of Thebes. For the first time in Egyptian history the blue crown is mentioned in the stele of Neferhotep. Ryholt assigned him to XVI Dynasty. |
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Mentuhotep V
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mri-anx-ra Meriankhre (Re Is Pleased In Life) |
|
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mnTw-Htp(w) Mentuhotep (Montu Is Pleased) |
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Tk
|
1796 (Ryholt) |
Nerkare
|
|
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nrw-kA-ra Nerkare |
l
Wesermontu
|
|
|
|
wsr-mnTw Wesermontu (Montu Is Strong) |
|
Ruler named Montu Is Strong is known from stele and limestone block from Deir el-Bahari. |
|
m
|
1645-1629 (Ryholt) |
Sebekhotep VIII
|
|
|
sxm-ra swsr-tAwi Sekhemre Sewesertawi |
|
|
sbk-Htp(w) Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
| Ruler documented by royal table from Karnak. Stele built in the third pylon in temple in Karnak mentions fourth year of his rule. Ryholt assigned this ruler to XVI Dynasty. | |
Ini II
|
|
|
|
mri-Sps-ra Meryshepsesre (Beloved Is The Dignity Of Re) |
|
|
ini Ini |
|
The ruler whose throne name Beloved Is The Dignity of Re is known from the sitting statue devoted to Amun-re of Karnak. |
|
Mentuhotep VI
|
|
|
|
swDa-ra Suwadjre |
|
|
mnTw-Htp(w) Mentuhotep (Montu Is Satisfied) |
| Mentuhotep VI is known to us only from a fragment from mortuary temple of Mentuhotep Nebhepetre at Deir el-Bahari. | |
p
Senaib
|
|
|
|
mn-xaw-ra Menkhauwre (Of Invariable Incarnations Of Re) |
|
|
snaa-ib Senaib (Of Mild Heart) |
| This king is mentioned on stele of Abydos by a name snaa-ib Of Mild Heart, and throne name mn-xaw-ra Of Invariable Incarnations of Re. At the stele the king is presented in blue crown in front of Horus-Min. | |
q
Sebekhotep
IX
|
|
|
|
mAa-ra Maare |
|
|
mAa-ra sbk-Htp(w) Maare Sebekhotep (Sobek Is Pleased) |
| King that ruled at twilight of the dynasty, confirmed on three scarabs. | |
r
Wepwawetemsaf
|
|
|
|
sxm-ra nfr-xaw Sekhemre Neferkhaw |
|
|
wpwAwt-m-sA.f Wepwawetemsaf (Wepwawet Is My Protection) |
| The ruler’s name means Wepwawet is my Protection and is confirmed at stela of Abydos and hieratic graffito in a tomb of prince Amenemhat at Beni Hasan. | |
s
Hor Meritaui
|
t
|
ok. 1750 (Altemüller) |
Sebekai
|
|
|
sbk<A>y Sebekai |
|
ok. 1750 (Altemüller) |
Khuiiker
|
|
|
xwi-iqr Khuiiker |
| The king’s existence is testified in Turin Canon and architrave with his name found at Abydos by Sir W.F. Petrie. | |
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Seankhptah
|
|
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s-HqA-n-ra Sekhekaenre |
|
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sA-anx-ptH Seankhptah |
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Sakare
|
|
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sA(?)-kA-ra Sa(?)kare |
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