I
am pleased to meet you on my Web pages. I owe some words of explanation to
all interested in history and chronology of Ancient Egypt and such people
get here in fact. It was not my intention to make Web pages focused on a
problem as specific as 3000 years long Egyptian history. It was rather
thought to arrange as well as possible details accessible both in scientific
papers and popular science. Present work is meant for filling a gap at a
point of contact between the very professional science and so-called common
knowledge. By publishing the following work in the Web I’m partially paying
off a debt of gratitude I have incured from Egyptology and Mediterranean
archaeology, the Science I have been enjoying for many years and which has
provided me a great satisfaction. The
chronology of Ancient Egypt is still very incomplete and questionable in its
assumptions. There are many gaps, duration of Intermediate Periods needs to
be considered very cautiously, a sequence of rulers leaves a lot to be
desired too. My pages dealing with this subject are to a large extent
incomplete. Nevertheless I cared deeply about making a website which from
the very beginning would be devoid of empty pages, missing elements or links
leading to nowhere. Systematically, day after day, I will complete their
content, now and then making also some technical corrections. I decided to
enrich the following service, originally meant as chronological arrangement,
with some details concerning political life of Egyptian rulers, thereby
increasing thematic scope of these pages. Therefore the title of my website
would be
Ancient Egypt - History and Chronology
I hope this title reflects
its content on a possibly large scale. Please accept my apologies if
materials presented here turn out to exceed the subject or are
insufficient, unconvincing or just controversial. As is known, sacra and
sepulchral architecture in ancient Egypt were strictly bound to everyday
life of the Nile people. It is sometimes impossible to present some
political event without presenting at least outline of
history of funerary architecture, as I was trying to on pages
TOMBS devoted to sepulchral constructions.
All
interested in the subject are welcome to share their remarks with me.
Please send them to the following address
www@narmer.pl . I shall attentively analyze your opinions concerning
both the content and technical details of this website and try to answer
each letter. Meeting numerous suggestions I decided to prepare an
English and French version of my web pages, thus enabling everybody to
get acquainted with its content. This Website has been published on a
few servers. The most efficiently operating and most frequently
updated: http://narmer.pl
.
The site is not commercial. It does not contain advertisements and is
not subsidized in any way and its maintenance rests on one person - the
creator and author.
Up until recently the
absolute chronology of ancient Egypt was based solely on historical
sources. But old relics which survived until now or ancient historical
evidenceare not the only basis to determine the dating. Lately, methods
based on exact and natural sciences have been developed. At the same
time, however, a lot of controversial theories emerged. First of all I
mean so-called new chronology, popular especially with young
generation of some scientists. The ‘new chronology’ is a theory built
mainly on archaeological synchronisms, shifting some periods of Egyptian
history – well, well! – 350 years back or forth. Theories as
revolutionary as aforesaid are not a subject of my pages, everyone
interested is referred to appropriate publications and s-f literature. Structure
of my pages is based on dating proposed by most respectable authorities
of the subject. It is also attempt to connect results of examinations
made by many historians. However, because their opinions sometimes vary
as to many historical facts and events, I attempted to compromise
describing all these various opinions or just presenting the one that
seems to be most reliable. I
n this place I owe you some explanation concerning horizontal
arrangement of each serekh. It is constrained
by the layout of this site and, from archaeological point of view,
incorrect. My intention was to present the meaning of Horus-names of
kings and not the faithful reproduction. The mode of computer records
follow its own rules, which Ancient Egyptians unfortunately had not
taken into consideration :-) To view the transcription of kings
titulary properly, please
download and installtransliteration font.
History is
formed by writing, especially in Egypt. The most important historical
sources are:
Palermo Stone, Turin
Canon of Kings,
king-lists engraved on stone tables and walls
of temples and tombs, Manetho’s Chronicle
and finally – facts passed down by ancient historians –
Herodotus, Diodorus, Strabon,
Plutarch and Pline. S ome difficulties in establishing the sequence
of Egyptian rulers result from
Royal Titulary which, starting with the V
Dynasty, was represented by five names-titles of kings...
For Sonia, My
Beloved Daughter
I am especially indebted
to:
Mrs Danuta Cieslak
Mrs Laurence Rougeot Mr
Michael Boebé Mr Janusz Zajda
