The dynasty
was a continuation of the Theban Dynasty XIII and likewise was paying tribute to
the Hyksos that held rule in Delta and central Egypt. The earlier rulers of the
Dynasty made no apparent attempt to challange the authority of the Hyksos, and
an uneasy truce existed between the two lineages for some time. Some of
the kings of the XVIIth Dynasty were known as Intef, and their large
and heavy coffins with vulture-wing feathered decoration have been found at
Thebes in the area of the Dra Abu el-Naga. Last rulers of this Dynasty,
Seqenenre Tao II and his two sons - Kamose and
Ahmose, overthrew the Hyksos invader and restored Egyptian independence. To view the
transcription of kings titulary properly, please
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nbw-xpr-ra
Nebukheperre
(Golden Is The Manifestation Of Re)
ini.it.f
nxt
ini-it.f
Intef
Tomb
of Intef mentioned in the Abbot papyrus was discovered in 1860 by A.
Mariette in Western Thebes at the Dra Abu el-Naga necropolis.
Presumably to Intef belonged the sarcophagus which recently is in
London and king’s mummy fell into pieces at the moment of its
discovery. Intef’s wife was queen Sebekemsaf, daughter of prince of
Edfu. Traces of the king’s building activities are found at Koptos,
Abydos and Karnak. So called decree
of Koptos, issued by Intef in the year 3 of his rule announced
dismissal of the mayor Teti who was supposed to favor the foes.
2
1616
- 1613
1622-1619 (Franke)
1580-1576 (Ryholt)
Rahotep
Hr wAH-anx
wsr-rnpwt
wAD-...
sxm-ra wAH-xaw
ra-Htp(w) (sA-ra)
sxm-ra
wAH-xaw
Sekhemre Wahkhau
ra-Htp(w)
Rahotep
ra-Htp(w) (sA-ra)
Rahotep(Re Is Satisfied ; Son Of Re)
Theban
ruler mentioned on stelae of Koptos
and Abydos and royal table of Karnak. He was related to Sebekemsaf
II through marriage of his son, Ameny with Sebekemsaf’s daughter.
3
1613-1597 1619-1603
(Franke)
1566-1559 (Ryholt)
Sebekemsaf I
Hr Htp-nTrw
aS(A)-xprw
inq-tAwi
sxm-ra wAD-xaw
sbk-m-sA.f
sxm-ra
wAD-xaw Sekhemre (Powerful Is Re)
sbk-m-sA.f
Sebekemsaf(Sobek Is His Protection)
According
to partially damaged inscription in Turin Canon
this king ruled 16
years. He was father of Sebekemsaf II. His building activities
are known in Theban region, Abydos and on Elephantine. To him are
ascribed graffitos at Wadi Hammamat. Burial place of the king is
tomb at Dra Abu el-Naga, plundered by local population.
4
1597 1648-1645 (Ryholt)
1602 (Franke)
Djehuti
... ...
... ...
... ...
sxm-ra smn-tAwi(Tur
11.3)
DHwti
sxm-ra
smn-tAwi
Sekhemre Smentawi(Powerful
Is Re)
DHwti
Djehuty
Existence
of this ruler is disclosed in few monuments: stone blocks discovered
at the courtyard of the temple of Horus at Edfu,
case for canopic jars of Dra Abu el-Naga, presently stored in
Berlin, and stone block of a temple at Deir el-Ballas. He is also
mentioned in the Table of Karnak.
Ryholt assigned him to the XVI Dynasty.
5
1596 1628-1627 (Ryholt)
1601 (Franke)
Mentuhotep VII
... ...
... ...
... ...
sanx.n-ra , sanx.[n]-ra
(Tur.11.4)
mnTw-Htpw
sanx.n-ra
Sankhenre
mnTw-Htpw
Mentuhotep(Montu Is Satisfied)
Short
reign of this ruler and a minor role of regent in part of Tebaida
are confirmed by a few artifacts: two sphinxes of Edfu, stele of
Karnak and some scarabs. His wife was presumably Satmut and his son
was Herunefer.
Ryholt assigned him to the XVI Dynasty.
6
1595-1576 1627-1601 (Ryholt)
1601-1582
(Franke)
Nibiraw I ( Nibirierawet
I )
Hr swAD-tAwy
nTri-xprw
nfr-xaw
swAD.n-ra
nb-iri-r-Aw(t) , ra-nb-iri-Awt
(Tur.11.5)
swAD.n-ra
Swadjenre
ra-nb-iri-Aw(t)
Nibirawre (Lord Of All, Re)
nb-iri-r-Aw(t)
Nibiraw
(Lord Of All, Re)
The
ruler to whom Turin Canon assigns 19 years of rule. To times of
Nibiraw
is dated famous stela discovered at Karnak in 1927 and containing
treaty of giving an office of mayor of El-Kab by Sebeknakht and his
descendants. Other known artifacts include scarabs with the king’s
name and dagger found in a tomb by Dispolis Parva.
Ryholt assigned him to the XVI Dynasty.
7
1576
1601 (Ryholt)
1582 (Franke)
Nibiraw II ( Nibirierawet
II )
Hr Dd-xprw
Dd-mswt
bA(?)-nfr(?)
nfr-kA-ra
nb-iri-Aw , ra-nb-iri-Awt
(Tur.11.6)
ra-nb-iri-Awt
Nibirawre(Lord Of All, Re)
Turin
Canon gives to this ruler a short period of rule, no longer than 5
month. It has been suggested that double mentioning of a name in
Turin Canon is accidental and thus there would have been only one
king Nibiraw.
In A.Leahy opinion a sarcophagus of Osiris, ascribed to king Nibiraw
II and discovered in tomb of Djer at Abydos and seal of Uronarti
Island in Nubia, belonged to king Khendjer
of dynasty XIII.
8
1575
1601-1600 (Ryholt)
1580 (Franke)
Semenenre
... ...
... ...
... ...
smn.n-ra
(Tur.11.7)
... ...
smn.n-ra
Semenenre
This
ruler’s existence is testimonied only in Turin Canon and an ax,
stored now in London.
Ryholt assigned him to the XVI Dynasty.
9
1574
- 1566 1580-1572
(Franke)
Seweserenre
... ...
... ...
... ...
swsr.n-ra
(Tur.11.8)
,
wsr.n-ra
... ...
swsr.n-ra
Suserenre
The
ruler identified with Beb-Anch,
traditionally ascribed to the dynasty XVII. A part of stela found in
1984 near galena mine at Gebel Zait at the Red Sea gives evidence of
both these names. Suserenre left after him traces of building
activities at Medamud – extension of a temple.
10
1566 - 1559
1576-1573 (Ryholt)
1570 (Franke)
Sebekemsaf II
... ...
... ...
... ...
sxm-ra Sd-tAwi , sxm-ra Sd-wAst
(Tur.11.9)
sbk-m-sA.f
sxm-ra
Sd-tAwi Sekhemre Shedtawi(Powerful Re - Rescuer Of Two Lands)
sbk-m-sA.f
Sebekemsaf (Sobek Is His Protection)
Son
of Sebekemsaf I and queen Nubemhat. He was famous for protocol of
Theban commission for tomb robberies, drawn up in times of Ramesses
IX. Few monuments are dated to times of Sebeknemsaf’ rule (mainly
stelae and statues) found in Theban area.
Ryholt assigned him to the XVI Dynasty.
11
1559 -
1549 1570-1560
(Franke)
1573-1571 (Ryholt)
Intef VI
( the Elder )
Hr wp-mAat
... ...
... ...
sxm-ra wp-mAa[t]
ini-it.faA , ini.tw.faA
sxm-ra
wp-mAa[t] Sekhemre Wepmaat(Powerful Re)
ini-it.faA
Intef(Intef The Great)
Among
tomb equipment AT the necropolis Dra Abu El-Naga in Western Thebes
survived only : pyramidion, golden sarcophagus and canopic jars
container.
Intef VI was brother of Intef VII, as the inscription on the
sarcophagus shows. Presumably he was son of his predecessor
Sebekemsaf III.
12
1548 1560 (Franke)
1568 (Ryholt)
Intef VII
... ...
... ...
... ...
sxm-ra hrw-Hr-mAat
ini-it.f
sxm-ra
hrw-Hr-mAat
Sekhemre Herwhormaat(Powerful Re ; Who Is Satisfied, Maat)
ini-it.f
Intef
Brother
of preceding him Intef VI, whose burial he prepared. He died early
after short rule and was buried in provisional sarcophagus. In von
Beckerath opinion Intef VII might have been murdered.
Husband
of queen Tetisheri, father of Seqenenre
Tao II. Proofs of this ruler’s existence are found in inscriptions
on royal table of Karnak and in tomb of Khabekhnet (TT2) in Deir
el-Medina, as well as in Ken’ votive table of Thebes. It is thought
that Snakhtenre gave rise to new dynasty of Dendera that had nothing
to do with Antefs and Sebeknemsafs. C. Vanderlsleyen suggested that
the name tA-aAaA
Taa (Tao) never belonged to Snachtenre.
Son
of Snakhtenre
and queen Tetisheri. The name of Seqenenre
is mentioned in Deir el-Bahari, Karnak, Theban tombs of nobles and
numerous royal or private items found all over Theban area. Papyrus
Sallier
I describes conflict of Theban ruler with Hyksos king Apopi. He died
in battle with Hyksossos as can be deduced from disheveled state of
his mummy found in DB320 cache at
Deir el-Bahari. Burial place – tomb at Dra Abu el-Naga.
Fragments of Sekenenre's mummy, smashed by weapon.
wAD-xpr-ra
Wadjkheperre(Flourishing Is The Manifestation Of Re)
kA-msi(w)
Kamose
(Ka Is Born)
Son
of Seqenenre Tao I by queen Ahhotep I, brother of
Ahmose. Excellent warrior with strategic
skills. He continued violent battle with Hyksos for restoration of
sovereignty of the whole land. He made war campaigns in Nubia reaching
as far as Toshka so that he could focus on relieve successive parts of
the Delta. His heroic deeds are recorded in two famous stelae. Burial
place of the ruler was probably tomb at Dra Abu el-Naga, discovered in
1857 by A. Mariette and containing unpretentious sarcophagus and damaged
mummy. The ruler must have died suddenly and at young age.