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Tanis (Sa el-Hagar)

This is the modern Sa’el Hagar, located in the north-eastern Delta covering an area of 1200x1600 m, in the form of a moud of rubble (kom).  The Egyptians called it Djanet, Djárnet, Dj’ane or Hut-Waret, biblical Zoan. The site was once sacred to the god Set and was a nome capital of the XXIst Dynasty, replacing Pi-Ramesses, but the Hyksos were also in the region during the Second Intermediate Period and a shrine on the site contains the seals of Ramesses II.
The main temple was dedicated to Amun . A processional way led to the enclosure wall (370x430 m and 15m thick), build by successive from Nectanebo II to Ptolemy II, replacing a smaller enclosure of Psusennes I. Entrance was through a monumental gateway of Sheshonq III built of granite blocks from earlier buildings (which have been partially reconstructed). Parts of colossal statue of Ramesses II, 21-30 m high, of granite and weighing c. 1000 tones, which originated in Pi-Ramesses, were found here. Inside the forecourt, behind the gateway, is a hall with four monolithic palm columns, more than 11 m tall (possibly usurped from a temple of the Middle Kingdom).They were surrounded by smaller papyrus column. From here, a processional way led to the first pylon, no longer in existence, built of limestone by Osorkon III. Behind the first pylon was an enclosed courtyard with an obelisk of Ramesses II, 17 m high, standing at rear in front of the second pylon. Behind the latter was the second courtyard, in which were found two colossal sphinxes of Amenemhat II, the Hyksos sphinxes of Amenemhat III and numerous monuments of the Middle and New Kingdoms. The third pylon, built by Osorkon III, was apparently constructed of granite with four obelisks and four sandstone statues of Ramesses II.
On the north side, a smaller temple dedicated by Nectanebo I to Khonsu-Neferhotep is built against the side of the main building. It consists a wide colonnaded forecourt, a pylon (measuring 8x45 m) and a second court inside. Nothing is known about this main temple building. To the east is a sacred like
measuring 62x73 m. To the south is a temple to Horus built by Nectanebo II and Ptolemy II.
The important sanctuary of the Canaanite goddess Anat (equivalent to the Egyptian Mut) and Khonsu lies to the south-west outside the great enclosure wall. It dated to the time of Siamun and Apries, rebuilt in the reign of Ptolemy IV.

The great temple of Amun
in Tanis contains six royal tombs, three of them found intact.

 

 

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